ANNATTO E160b.

The seeds of the annatto bush (Bixa orellana) have long been recognised and used in some cultures to provide both colour and flavour to the diet.

Annatto seeds give two pigments, bixin which is oil soluble and norbixin which is soluble in water. Both pigments are carotenoids and may therefore be adversely affected by light and oxygen. In extreme cases it is helpful to protect pigments using ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

Norbixin is sensitive to sulphur dioxide at levels in excess of 100 ppm, whereas hard water or low pH conditions can lead to pigment precipitation unless specially formulated PHYTONE products are used. Norbixin is heat stable and provides an orange hue. It is frequently offered as a blend with other pigments, especially curcumin, to ensure that precise yellow/orange shades are achieved. Traditionally the main use of norbixin has been in cheese colouration, but it is used in a much wider variety of applications including breadcrumbs, flour confectionery, dairy products and ice cream.